One ball on a Plinko board is unpredictable. Drop a thousand and they form a near-perfect bell curve—one of math’s most powerful ideas for 150+ years.

A multifractal spectrum called a weighted Cantor set model can describe how galaxies cluster, which is similar to other ...

Abstract: This article analyzes the stability of probabilistic Boolean networks (PBNs) with switching discrete probability distribution (DPD). First, the dynamics of PBNs with switching DPD is ...

Let's delve into what constitutes a valid probability distribution and how we can determine if a given distribution meets the necessary criteria. A probability distribution, in essence, describes the ...

A probability distribution of a random variable describes how the probabilities are distributed over the possible values of the random variable. A probability distribution shows the likelihood of ...

Somer G. Anderson is CPA, doctor of accounting, and an accounting and finance professor who has been working in the accounting and finance industries for more than 20 years. Her expertise covers a ...

The mean, also known as the expected value, of a discrete probability distribution is a fundamental concept in statistics and probability theory. It represents the average outcome you would expect if ...

Abstract: This paper addresses the problem of designing nonlinear discrete-time dynamical systems for prospective use in low-complexity random signal generators. Drawing upon ergodic systems theory, ...

Life is uncertain. None of us know what is going to happen. We know little of what has happened in the past or is happening now outside our immediate experience. Uncertainty has been called the ...

Andrew Bloomenthal has 20+ years of editorial experience as a financial journalist and as a financial services marketing writer. Samantha (Sam) Silberstein, CFP®, CSLP®, EA, is an experienced ...