If you simulate circuits that include not only analog, but also digital or switching/PWM aspects, then you know that traditional “AC” or frequency-domain analysis cannot be used for these designs.

In this article, I’ll describe a few easy steps that will convert any Sallen-Key (SK) or multiple feedback (MFB) active filter from a single-input filter to a summing active filter that gives the same ...

Circuit VR is where we talk about a circuit and examine how it works in simulation with LT Spice. This time we are looking at a common low-frequency oscillator known as the Wien bridge oscillator.

Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) or Pulse Duration Modulation (PDM) is a technique of converting analog signals into rectangular waveforms. The width of the waveform varies in proportion with the ...

There comes a time in every electronic designer’s life when, whether they know it or not, they need an analog filter in their design. If you’re coming from a digital background, where everything is ...

This article appeared in Microwaves & RF and has been published here with permission. From laptop computers to home-security systems, the transmission and reception of RF or microwave signals from one ...