Dynamic optimisation and model predictive control (MPC) are at the forefront of modern process systems engineering, offering robust methodologies to address the challenges posed by time-varying ...

Modeling conducted in the process development and early commercialization stages can increase process efficiency and lead to process-control improvement. A virtual plant environment, running on a PC, ...

During femtosecond laser fabrication, photons are mainly absorbed by electrons, and the subsequent energy transfer from electrons to ions is of picosecond order. Hence, lattice motion is negligible ...