Bacteria, fungi, and yeast are very good at excreting useful substances such as weak acids. One way in which they do this is through passive diffusion of molecules across the cell membrane. At the ...

Gram-negative bacteria possess an outer membrane that constitutes a formidable barrier to antibiotic penetration. This envelope, embedded with porins and other specialised channels, governs the ...

Bacteria that rarely tumble are likely to get trapped by obstacles, slowing dispersion. Bacteria that tumble frequently often “retrace their steps,” also slowing dispersion. Dispersion is maximized by ...

Scientists at Arizona State University have uncovered surprising new ways bacteria move, even without their usual whip-like propellers called flagella. In one study, E. coli and salmonella were found ...