Bagged in three layers of meninges and selectively fenced off by the blood brain barrier, our central nervous system (CNS) interacts within strict limits with our immune system. Protective ...

Scientists have long believed that the pia, the innermost of the three meningeal membranes that surround the brain, is impermeable to cerebrospinal fluid. But the pia has been hard to study. This ...

Leptomeningeal metastases (LM) occur when cancerous cells metastasize or spread to the leptomeninges, cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), or both. The meninges are thin layers of tissue surrounding and ...

The discovery of meningeal lymphatic vessels changed understanding of immune privilege and metabolic waste clearance mechanisms in the central nervous system. These lymphatic vessels play a key role ...

Cerebrospinal fluid, or CSF, is a clear, colorless liquid that plays a crucial role in maintaining the health and function of your central nervous system. It cushions the brain and spinal cord, ...

A CSF leak within the spinal column is the most common identifiable cause of spontaneous intracranial hypotension. 3 The mechanism underlying headache and neurologic manifestations is presumed to be ...

NEW ORLEANS — The degree of meningeal inflammation and cortical pathology might prove useful for stratifying patients with early progressive multiple sclerosis (MS), new research suggests. The ...

Meningeal lymphatic vessels are potential targets to treat brain diseases. Laboratories at Yale and the Paris Brain Institute (Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris) have imaged brain drainage by ...

The human brain has no conventional lymph nodes, no obvious drainage pipes. For most of medical history, scientists assumed it simply recycled its own waste internally. That picture has been crumbling ...