Introduction If you need to send a secret message to a friend, how could you prevent other people from reading it? One way is to encrypt the message—that is, use a secret code that only you and your ...

Introduction The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary lists the 5th meaning of the word cipher as, “A secret manner of writing by any of various methods, intelligible only to those possessing the key ...

The arena of creating secure environments in the hardware and software industries is somewhat shrouded in mystery and misunderstanding. Certainly, some types of ciphers are relatively straightforward ...