Quantum mechanics has a reputation that precedes it. Virtually everyone who has bumped up against the quantum realm, whether in a physics class, in the lab, or in popular science writing, is left ...

Hydrogen production from solar-driven water splitting serves as a crucial technology to sustainably access zero-carbon H 2 energy. Toward large-scale application, cost-effective cocatalysts—such as ...

The distribution of outermost shell electrons, known as valence electrons, of organic molecules was experimentally observed for the first time by a team led by Nagoya University in Japan. As the ...

Valence electrons, located in the outermost shell of an atom, play an important role in driving chemical reactions and forming bonds with other atoms. Subscribe to our newsletter for the latest ...