Because the wiring and the inputs and outputs (I/Os) are the most vulnerable elements in a system, be sure to locate and identify these elements in the problem circuit. Sometimes, the only way to test ...

Industrial control systems can be categorized in two types: open-loop and closed-loop systems. The open-loop control system is a continuous control system that provides no feedback from its output.

Block diagrams close block diagramA diagram of a system represented by blocks connected by lines. are clear, simple diagrams showing all of the input, process and output elements that make up the ...

An autotransformer is a transformer having part of its winding included in both the input and output circuit. A simple autotransformer connection is shown in Fig. 1. Note that because there is a ...