The 4- to 20-mA current loop is ubiquitous in the world of controls in manufacturing plants. Discrete logic, microprocessors, and microcontrollers easily cover the digital portions of control schemes, ...

Loop-powered transmitters have progressed from purely analog signal conditioners to highly flexible smart transmitters, but the chosen design approach still depends on a system’s performance, ...

In electronic systems, wires and cables provide intentional circuit paths for power or signal currents to move from a source to a load and then return to the source. These current paths have the ...

There is no question that there are many products on the market that use digital electronics in their design. A brief trip through your favorite computer or electronics equipment store should ...

Designers can make useful products that include electrical components close electrical componentA device in an electric circuit, such as a battery, switch or lamp.. They allow a product to have lights ...