The processing in a network protocol that provides the starting point and purpose of the communications session. The application layer is layer 7 of 7 in the OSI model. For example, email, Web ...
Do you remember when we used multi-protocol routing for IPX, AppleTalk, and TCP/IP running on the same network? In the 1980s and early 1990s many enterprises had multiple protocols running on the ...
The line between middleware and application software is blurred, which is why this chapter introduces both together. Middleware is software that has been abstracted out of the application layer for a ...
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